杂交水稻

为探明4个籼稻光温敏核不育系的开花习性，提高两系杂交水稻制种产量，在南平市自然栽培条件下，以广占63-4S为对照，观察、分析了籼稻光温敏核不育系K12S、N15S、君S的开花动态、开颖特性、柱头外露率等开花习性。结果表明，K12S、君S开花历期长，盛花期开花量大、开花峰值高、午前花多，在杂交制种时更易与父本花期相遇；K12S开颖特性好，开颖后内外颖尖间距长、开颖角度大；君S柱头外露率高、包颈粒率低，在杂交制种时有利于提高异交结实率。理论上，K12S和君S在杂交制种中易获得高产。

To investigate the flowering habits of four photoperiod-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS) lines of indica rice and improve the seed production yield of two-line hybrid rice, the flowering dynamics, glume opening characteristics and stigma exsertion rate of indica PTGMS lines K12S, N15S and Jun S were observed and analyzed under natural cultivation conditions in Nanping City, with Guangzhan 63-4S as the control. The results showed that K12S and Jun S had long flowering duration, large full blooming quantity, high blooming peak and forenoon blooming rate, which is more likely to synchronize the male parent in flowering period of hybrid seed production. K12S had good glume opening characteristics, long tip spacing between palea and lemma and large angle of glume opening, and Jun S had high stigma exsertion rate and low enclosed spikelet rate, which is beneficial to increase the outcrossing rate of hybrid seed production. Theoretically, K12S and Jun S are easy to obtain a high yield in hybrid seed production.