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利用自主研发的水稻腹、背光合作用测量系统方法，对超级早稻叶片腹、背面光合特性和光合产物转运等的差异进行研究。结果表明，4个供试超级早稻叶片腹、背面净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率均存在显著差异，其中2个常规稻品种叶片腹面净光合速率高于背面，而2个杂交稻品种叶片背面净光合速率高于腹面，且随着光量子通量密度的增加，腹、背面间光合效率差异减小。水稻叶片腹、背面光合特性差异受气孔密度、叶片厚度等影响显著，其中叶片背面气孔密度大、光合潜力大，对整叶的光合效率贡献更大。在水稻育种工作中应注重优化叶片背面的光环境，提高背面的光合能力，从而提高水稻群体光合效率，实现产量提高。
Abstract：A self-developed rice measurement system for adaxial and abaxial photosynthesis was used to study the differences in photosynthetic characteristics and photosynthate distribution between the adaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaves of super early rice. The results showed that there were significant differences in the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and water utilization efficiency between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaves of four super early rice varieties. Two inbred rice varieties had the net photosynthetic rate of the adaxial surface higher than that of the abaxial surface, while two hybrid rice varieties had the net photosynthetic rate of the abaxial surface higher than that of the adaxial surface. The difference in photosynthetic efficiency between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces decreased as the photosynthetic photon flux density increased. The differences in photosynthetic characteristics between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of rice leaves were significantly affected by stomatal density and leaf thickness. The abaxial surface with a higher stomata density and stronger photosynthetic potential showed a larger contribution to the photosynthetic efficiency of the whole leaf. In rice breeding, more attention should be paid to optimizing the light environment of the abaxial surface and enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of the abaxial surface, thus improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the rice population and achieving higher yields.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16267/j.cnki.1005-3956.20241219.292
中图分类号:S511.31
引用信息:
[1]粟琳,石丹丹,宁文等.超级早稻叶片腹、背面光合特性研究[J].杂交水稻,2025,40(04):15-25.DOI:10.16267/j.cnki.1005-3956.20241219.292.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（31871704）; 湖南省揭榜挂帅项目（2022NK1010）; 长沙市自然科学基金项目（Kq2402171）; 杂交水稻全国重点实验室自主研究项目（2022MS11）