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为实现氮钾配施栽培下籼型杂交稻产量和品质的协同提升，在2021年和2022年以籼型杂交稻Y两优900和荃优华占为材料，分別以常规施氮量180 kg/hm2(A1)、减施33%(A2)和减施50%(A3)，常规施钾量120 kg/hm2(B1)、增施33%(B2)和增施75%(B3)为处理，分析在不同处理下，稻谷产量、加工品质、外观品质和营养品质的差异。随着施氮量的减少，Y两优900和荃优华占的产量、垩白粒率和总蛋白含量降低；增施钾肥可降低稻米的垩白粒率、直链淀粉和醇溶蛋白含量。综合2 a结果，与A1B1(常规施肥量)相比，A2B3、A1B2和A1B3处理能够提升水稻产量和整精米率，同时降低垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量，其中A2B3处理的总蛋白含量较A1B2和A1B3处理低。综合不同氮钾配施组合对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响，并考虑到氮肥过量施用带来的环境污染问题，推荐江汉平原地区最佳施肥量组合为减氮33%(A2)配合增钾75%(B3)，即施氮量120 kg/hm2和施钾量210 kg/hm2。
Abstract：To achieve the synergistic improvement of yield and quality of indica hybrid rice under the cultivation of combined application of nitrogen and potassium, Y Liangyou 900 and Quanyou Huazhan were used as materials in 2021and 2022, and the treatments were set as follows: conventional nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2(A1), a 33%reduction(A2) and a 50% reduction(A3); conventional potassium application rate of 120 kg/hm2(B1), a 33% increase(B2) and a 75% increase(B3). The differences in grain yield, milling quality, appearance quality and nutritional quality under different treatments were analyzed. As the nitrogen application rate decreased, the yield, chalky rice rate and total protein content of Y Liangyou 900 and Quanyou Huazhan decreased. Increasing potassium fertilizer application could reduce the chalky rice rate, amylose content, and soluble protein content of rice. Based on the results of two years,compared with A1B1(conventional fertilization rate), the treatments of A2B3, A1B2 and A1B3 could increase the rice yield and head rice rate, and at the same time reduce chalky rice rate, chalkiness and amylose content. Among them,the total protein content of the A2B3 treatment was lower than that of the A1B2 and A1B3 treatments. Considering the effects of different combinations of nitrogen and potassium application on rice yield and grain quality, and taking into account the environmental pollution problems caused by excessive nitrogen fertilization, it is recommended that the optimal fertilization combination in the Jianghan Plain area should be a 33% reduction in nitrogen application(A2)combined with a 75% increase in potassium application(B3), that is, the nitrogen application rate is 120 kg/hm2 and the potassium application rate is 210 kg/hm2.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16267/j.cnki.1005-3956.20240523.139
中图分类号:S511.21
引用信息:
[1]杨定国,熊昕,姜辰倩等.氮钾配施对籼型杂交稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].杂交水稻,2025,40(04):69-76.DOI:10.16267/j.cnki.1005-3956.20240523.139.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（32172108）; 湖北省现代农业产业技术体系（2023HBSTX4-01）