杂交水稻

分析了中国南方籼稻与北方粳稻种植的分布差异及气候影响，揭示了北方杂交粳稻发展存在的问题，提出了新的育种设想：用成熟的南方籼型杂交稻技术方案解决北方杂交粳稻存在的问题，通过培育特早熟、耐寒性强、不易落粒的南方杂交籼稻品种在东北种植，实现中国杂交水稻面积的跨越式增长。在实践中，新育成的杂交籼稻品种瑞两优1053在东北地区种植表现出优良的熟期适应性、耐低温和抗倒伏能力，稻谷产量超过12 t/hm²，并具有较好的稻米品质，标志着南方籼稻在东北大面积试种获得成功，为改良北方稻作体系及保障国家粮食安全提供了突破性的实践范例。

The distribution difference and climate influence of indica rice in southern China and japonica rice in northern China were analyzed, and the problems existing in the development of japonica hybrid rice in northern China were revealed. A new breeding idea was put forward: utilizing the mature southern indica hybrid rice technology scheme to solve the problems existing in japonica hybrid rice in northern China, and realizing the leap-forward growth of hybrid rice area in China by developing southern indica hybrid rice varieties with extremely early maturity, strong cold tolerance and not easy to shattering in northeast China. In practice, the newly developed indica hybrid rice combination Ruiliangyou 1053 showed excellent maturity adaptability, low temperature tolerance and lodging resistance in northeast China, and yielded more than 12 t/hm², and had good grain quality, which marked the success of large-scale trial planting of southern indica rice in northeast China and provided a breakthrough practice example for improving the northern rice cropping system and ensuring national food security.