杂交水稻

本研究以2001—2025年陕西省审定的水稻品种为对象，对其类型与数量、选育单位、亲本来源单位、主要农艺性状、区域试验产量、产量构成因素、稻米品质及抗病性等数据进行统计分析，以每5 a为1个时期。结果表明，2001—2025年陕西省共审定114个水稻品种，其中杂交稻104个、常规稻10个；具体包括籼型三系杂交稻92个、籼型两系杂交稻12个、籼型常规稻7个、粳型常规稻3个。科企合作和企业主导逐渐成为水稻选育的主要模式，两者合计占比为61.40%；广东省、陕西省、四川省的4家科研院所和1家企业合计选育品种53个，占陕西省审定品种总数的46.49%；不育系的创制以引进省外种质资源为主，恢复系的创制以本省选育单位为主。2001—2025年陕西省审定水稻品种的区域试验平均产量为9 005.27 kg/hm²，各时期变幅为8 589.00～9276.28 kg/hm²，其中2006—2010年最高，2011—2015年最低；区试产量与株高、穗长、千粒重均呈极显著正相关，与每穗总粒数呈显著正相关；陕西省优质品种(含1、2、3级优质品种)占比为64.91%；稻米品质有所改善，其中糙米率整体呈先小幅下降后稳定趋势，整精米率整体呈波动上升趋势，垩白度呈先增加后逐渐降低趋势，长宽比和胶稠度呈逐渐增加趋势，直链淀粉含量整体呈现波动降低趋势。陕西省审定水稻品种以中感稻瘟病、中感白叶枯病和感纹枯病品种为主，数量分别为59、54和55个，三大病害均缺乏高抗品种。综上，陕西省审定水稻品种区试产量基本稳定，稻米品质不断改善，抗性品种选育仍有提升空间。

This study took rice varieties approved in Shaanxi Province from 2001 to 2025 as objects, and statistically analyzed their types, numbers, breeding institutions, parent sourse institutions, main agronomic traits, regional trial yields, yield components, grain quality, and disease resistances, with each 5 years as a statistical period. The results showed that a total of 114 rice varieties were approved in Shaanxi Province from 2001 to 2025, including 104 hybrid rice varieties and 10 conventional rice varieties. Specifically, these rice varieties encompassed 92 three-line indica hybrid rice varieties, 12 two-line indica hybrid rice varieties, 7 indica conventional rice varieties, and 3 japonica conventional rice varieties. The cooperation between scientific research institutions and enterprises and enterprise-led breeding have gradually become main models of rice breeding, under which 61.40% of the total approved rice varieties were bred. Four scientific research institutions and one enterprise from Guangdong Province, Shaanxi Province, and Sichuan Province bred 53 approved rice varieties, which accounted for 46.49% of the total approved rice varieties in Shaanxi Province. Male sterile line creation primarily relies on introduced germplasm resources from outside Shaanxi Province, while restorer lines are mainly created by breeding institutions in Shaanxi Province. The average regional trial yield of rice varieties approved in Shaanxi Province from 2001 to 2025 was 9 005.27 kg/hm². Its variation range in various period was 8 589.00～9 276.28 kg/hm², with the highest from 2006 to 2010 and the lowest from 2011 to 2015. The regional trial yield had highly significant positive correlations with the plant height, panicle length, and 1 000-grain weight and a significant positive correlation with the number of total grains per panicle. High-quality rice varieties(Grades 1 to 3) in Shaanxi Province accounted for 64.91% of the total. Grain quality improved: the brown rice rate generally exhibited a trend of slightly decreasing before stabilizing, head rice rate generally increased with fluctuations, chalkiness degree firstly increased and then gradually decreased, length-width ratio and gel consistency gradually increased, and amylose content generally decreased with fluctuations. Most rice varieties approved in Shaanxi Province were moderately susceptible to rice blast, moderately susceptible to bacterial leaf blight, and susceptible to sheath blight, with the number being 59, 54, and 55, respectively. There was a lack of highly resistant varieties identified for any of the three diseases. In summary, the rice varieties approved in Shaanxi Province have exhibited basically stable yields in regional trials and continuously improved grain quality, while there is still room for improvement in the breeding of resistant varieties.