杂交水稻

采用田间裂区试验设计，主区设置3个氮肥水平(N1 120 kg/hm²,N2 180 kg/hm²,N3 240 kg/hm²)，副区设置2个硅肥水平(Si0 0 kg/hm²,Si1 180 kg/hm²)，研究氮硅互作对五优308产量及抗褐飞虱能力的影响。结果表明，在相同施氮处理下，增施硅肥(Si1)提高了有效穗数、结实率和千粒重，产量增加9.03%～23.64%；在相同施硅处理下，增加施氮量可显著增加水稻有效穗数。在相同施氮处理下，增施硅肥(Si1)可使水稻分蘖期、齐穗期和成熟期的平均茎鞘硅含量显著增加14.10%、13.21%和13.83%；在相同施硅处理下，随着施氮量的增加，水稻各生育时期的茎鞘硅含量均呈下降趋势。在相同施氮处理下，增施硅肥(Si1)使褐飞虱种群数量降低2.32%～13.30%，有效抑制其种群发展；在相同施硅处理下，随着施氮量增加，水稻各生育时期的褐飞虱种群数量均增加或显著增加。相关性分析显示，褐飞虱种群数量与成熟期水稻茎鞘硅含量呈显著负相关，与受害9级植株数量呈显著正相关。综上，氮、硅肥合理配施能够协同提高水稻产量并增强其对褐飞虱的抗性，本试验较优处理为氮肥180 kg/hm²配施硅肥180 kg/hm²(N2Si1)，该发现为构建绿色高产水稻栽培体系提供了依据和支撑。

A split-plot field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen-silicon interaction on the yield and resistance to Nilaparvata lugens(N. lugens) of Wuyou 308 by setting three nitrogen application levels(N1 120 kg/hm², N2 180 kg/hm², and N3 240 kg/hm²) in the main plot and two silicon application levels(Si0 0 kg/hm² and Si1 180 kg/hm²) in the secondary plot. The results showed that under the same nitrogen application level, the application of silicon fertilizer(Si1) increased the number of effective panicles, seed setting rate, and 1 000-grain weight, thus increasing the rice yield by 9.03% ～ 23.64%. Under the same silicon application level, increasing the nitrogen application level significantly increased the number of effective panicles. Under the same nitrogen application level, Si1 significantly increased the silicon content in rice stem and sheath at the tillering, full heading, and maturity stages by 14.10%, 13.21%, and 13.83%, respectively. Under the same silicon application level, the silicon content in stem and sheath at each growth stage of rice showed a downward trend as the nitrogen application level increased. Under the same nitrogen application level, Si1 reduced the population size of N. lugens by 2.32% ～ 13.30%, effectively inhibiting the population development. Under the same silicon application level, the population size of N. lugens at each growth stage of rice increased or significantly increased as the nitrogen application level increased. Correlation analysis showed that the population size of N. lugens had a significantly negative correlation with the silicon content in rice stem and sheath at the maturity stage and a significantly positive correlation with the number of plants with the damage grade of 9. In summary, reasonable application of nitrogen and silicon can synergistically increase rice yield and enhance rice resistance to N. lugens. The optimal treatment in this study was 180 kg/hm² nitrogen application combined with 180 kg/hm² silicon application(N2 Si1). This finding provides a basis and support for building an eco-friendly and high-yield rice cultivation system.